| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name | 2-aminophenol |
| Other names | 2-Hydroxyaniline o-Aminophenol o-Hydroxyaniline Orthaminol |
| Pronunciation | /tuː əˌmiːnəˈfiːnɒl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 95-55-6 |
| Beilstein Reference | 136953 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:4173 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL591 |
| ChemSpider | 2053 |
| DrugBank | DB03766 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.022.427 |
| EC Number | 205-481-9 |
| Gmelin Reference | 7210 |
| KEGG | C02478 |
| MeSH | D000678 |
| PubChem CID | 135 |
| RTECS number | BX2676000 |
| UNII | 19GJ9Q6VPP |
| UN number | UN2512 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C6H7NO |
| Molar mass | 109.13 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to slightly reddish-gray crystalline solid |
| Odor | ammonia-like |
| Density | 1.293 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Moderately soluble |
| log P | 0.30 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.001 mmHg (25°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.0 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 4.74 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -60.0 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.645 |
| Viscosity | 3.14 mPa·s (20 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 1.310 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 109.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -40.0 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -2166 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed, causes serious eye irritation, causes skin irritation |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P313, P501 |
| Flash point | 134°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 630°C |
| Explosive limits | Explosive limits: 2.7–14% |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 375 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral-rat LD50: 800 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | # 98-88 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.5 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | 100 mg/m3 |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol 3-Aminophenol 4-Aminophenol Resorcinol Aniline Catechol Phenol |
| Property | Technical Commentary |
|---|---|
| Product Name & IUPAC Name |
2-Aminophenol IUPAC Name: 2-aminophenol |
| Chemical Formula |
C6H7NO
Production lots are tested for molecular formula correspondence as part of routine release. Grade-specific analyses focus on isomer purity and residual solvent levels. Downstream performance often links back to byproduct control during synthesis and proper formula accounting at each reaction stage. |
| Synonyms & Trade Names |
Synonyms: ortho-Aminophenol, o-Aminophenol, 2-Hydroxyaniline Main synonyms circulate depending on application sector and regional terminology. For regulatory and customs processing, precise nomenclature selection aligns with prevailing global harmonized naming conventions. |
| HS Code & Customs Classification |
HS Code: 29222900 (Aminophenols and their derivatives; salts thereof)
Actual classification follows customs and regional requirements. Discrepancies in customs interpretation often arise depending on end-use declarations, purity claims, and mixture status. For bulk shipments and key destination ports, customs compliance teams must reconcile grade documentation and synthesis routes to support correct tariff allocation. |
Commercial 2-aminophenol batches typically rely on a nitro reduction route or amination/hydrolysis of relevant halonitrobenzenes. Process route selection depends on precursor availability, required impurity profiles, and cost pressure. Many production lines in Asia and Europe opt for catalytic hydrogenation of o-nitrophenol, given consistent throughput and manageable side product streams. Each production batch demonstrates variable isomer distribution and residual metal trace levels, which must be aligned to downstream application tolerance.
Purity targets for technical grade, dye intermediate grade, or pharmaceutical grade 2-aminophenol vary substantially. For sensitive applications such as paracetamol intermediates or specific colorant synthesis, upstream selection of precursor lots and catalyst systems directly impacts the achievable residual impurity profile. Residual water, trace metals, and low-level isomer contamination require tight process control and systematic in-process monitoring.
Hair dye, resin modification, and rubber additive manufacturers emphasize different specification parameters. Dye intermediate users may tolerate trace isomeric byproducts if final color performance is not impacted. Applications in fine chemicals or pharma intermediates commonly require tailored drying steps, bespoke packaging, and full traceability of metal content or process aids. Each customer segment raises different storage and formulation sensitivities—mainly driven by oxygen stability, caking risk, and compatibility with downstream catalytic systems.
2-Aminophenol has a tendency to oxidize and discolor, especially when exposed to air or light, so bulk storage strategies emphasize airtight packaging and light-blocking containers. End-user feedback frequently points to the importance of batch color evaluation as a functional quality control measure. Handling infrastructure must be designed for dust management and antifreeze systems in colder regions, since the solid can clump under variable temperatures.
Choice of nitrophenol source and hydrogenation catalyst has a significant effect on yield, byproduct spectrum, and environmental load of effluent streams. Each production campaign requires ongoing optimization of hydrogen dosing, temperature cycling, and real-time impurity mapping. Control of secondary amines and hydroxyaniline isomers is essential to avoid compliance issues in regulated industries. Post-reaction purification is tuned according to downstream requirements—extra filtration, ion-exchange, or crystallization steps are implemented based on risk assessment and order-specific tolerances.
Final release criteria for 2-aminophenol depend on customer requirements and internal control norms. For technical and intermediate grades, samples undergo physical inspection, chromatographic purity profiling, and color stability checks across storage simulations. Any deviations in specification are escalated through internal quality escalation procedures, with isolated nonconforming lots either reprocessed or downgraded according to documented decision trees.
Industrial 2-aminophenol typically appears as crystalline solid or powder, with color shifting from white to grey-brown based on grade, trace impurities, and storage history. Distinctive aminophenolic odor intensifies with free amine content, which rises with extended exposure to air and moisture. Higher purity or pharmaceutical grades show lighter color and minimal odor, while technical grades accept more off-white or tan tones resulting from process routes and starting materials. Particle form, flowability, and bulk density impact both packaging and use in downstream chemical synthesis, especially during bulk transfer and dissolution.
Measured values for melting and boiling points vary with grade and testing setup, especially when minor isomeric or oxidative impurities are present. Melting point offers a rough purity screen during production batch checks: high-grade batches melt sharply, lower-grade batches may show depression and broadening due to residual synthesis by-products. Density typically informs packing design and process charging but responds to moisture uptake and storage conditions.
The phenolic and amino groups on 2-aminophenol drive its dual chemical reactivity. On-site, product stability depends on control of air, light, and moisture: oxidative color change and degradation accelerates under high humidity or UV exposure. Storage in inert atmosphere containers or drums is standard for electronic and pharmaceutical grades, while bulk technical grades may tolerate atmospheric conditions for short durations but suffer in long-term color and performance stability.
Water solubility depends on pH and temperature, with increased dissolution in mildly acidic or basic conditions; organic solvent solubility (particularly ethanol, DMSO, and ether) is relevant for dye, pharmaceutical, and specialty chemical synthesis. Batch-wise industrial solution preparation requires gradual addition and agitation to avoid lumping and ensure clean dissolution, with filtration to remove insoluble residues from lower-grade batches.
The typical specifications for 2-aminophenol differ with intended application—pharmaceutical, electronic, and dye grades impose stricter limits on moisture, heavy metals, color index, and residual solvents than bulk technical material. Internal control samples from each batch serve as archive references for each major grade.
Main impurities arise from incomplete reaction conversion, isomer formation, starting material residue, and side-products like hydroquinone derivatives or color bodies. The acceptable impurity suite and limits are defined in the agreed product specification or, for regulated applications, by prevailing pharmacopoeia or electronic material norms. In-house test protocols identify and quantify these using chromatography and spectroscopic methods, with special attention to toxicity-driving contaminants.
Routine batch testing employs melting point determination, HPLC/GC for organic impurities, titrimetric or gravimetric assays for purity, and colorimetric checks. Analytical method choice and validation depend on downstream use; for pharmacopoeial batches, compliance with official compendial monographs is mandatory, while dye and technical customers may specify alternative internal test regimes.
Each production batch undergoes full spectrum analysis: appearance, assay, impurity profiling, and moisture content. Batch release to customers follows internal approval based on test results, trending analysis of key parameters, and customer-specific requirements. Certificates document all passing test results and any specification deviations, with retained samples for reference.
Raw material selection depends on both synthetic route and final application—most routes employ nitrophenol or aminophenol precursors, with attention to isomeric purity and trace metal contamination. Supplier audit and raw batch testing are routine for high-specification grades, with ongoing monitoring for any lot-to-lot deviation.
Reductive transformation of o-nitrophenol or direct amination of phenol represents the prevailing industrial approaches, with selection based on scale, cost, and waste minimization. Catalytic hydrogenation routes demand strict in-process control over reducing agent addition, hydrogen pressure, temperature, and agitation, as well as post-reaction neutralization and contaminant removal steps. By-product generation, including isomeric aminophenols and trace dinitro derivatives, is tightly managed to meet grade-dependent application criteria.
Key control points in production involve reaction completeness (monitored by in-line or at-line analysis), pH adjustment, filtration of catalyst and solids, and solvent or aqueous phase separation. Purification typically uses recrystallization, solvent extraction, or activated carbon treatments, with choice dictated by impurity type and customer requirements. For electronic or pharma-grade, additional steps target color bodies and trace organometallics. Batch differentiation and segregation during process changeovers prevent cross-contamination between high-end and technical-grade outputs.
Batch release criteria incorporate both formal test data and process history (temperature, reaction time, equipment clean status), with final inspection for visible discoloration, agglomeration, or atypical odor. Only after full technical release does product move to final packing and dispatch.
2-aminophenol undergoes a broad palette of transformations—diazotization, alkylation, acylation, oxidative coupling, and condensation—with activity and selectivity influenced by solvent, pH, and reagent quality. These routes form the basis for dye, chelating agent, and pharmaceutical intermediate production.
Industrial transformations commonly rely on mineral acids, transition-metal catalysts, and carefully controlled heating or cooling cycles. Reaction conditions must balance speed, conversion efficiency, by-product suppression, and occupational hygiene demands. For sensitive applications, solvent-free or low-residue solvent systems are standard, minimizing residual solvent carryover into downstream products.
Derivative production—such as azo dyes, oxazine dyes, and complexing agents—draws on the bifunctional reactivity of the aminophenol structure. Downstream product requirements dictate both the incoming aminophenol grade and the process design for consistent reaction efficiency and impurity rejection.
For high-purity and sensitive applications, product storage in cool, low-humidity, and dark environments preserves color and free amine content. Nitrogen-blanketed or sealed containers prevent oxidation and moisture ingress. Technical grades tolerate less controlled warehouse conditions but may experience color shift or caking if exposed to air or damp over extended periods.
Standard packaging uses lined fiber drums, HDPE containers, or steel drums with internal coating, depending on product grade and customer process integration. Container compatibility checks prevent leaching, contamination, or product degradation during transit or storage. Customer-specific packaging formats are available for regulated products to streamline end-user material handling systems.
Shelf life depends on grade, packaging quality, and storage conditions. Common degradation includes color darkening, odor increase, decreased solubility, and batch-to-batch performance drift in sensitive synthetic reactions. Batch inspection and sample retention allow for shelf-life reassessment and root-cause analysis of any deterioration prior to use.
2-aminophenol generally falls under the hazardous category for acute toxicity and skin/eye irritation according to globally harmonized system (GHS) criteria. Hazard statements relate to potential for serious eye damage, organ toxicity after repeated exposure, and environmental hazard in aquatic systems. Safety data sheets and product labels provide full hazard coding and emergency handling guidance, regularly updated with evolving toxicological data and regulatory changes.
Toxicity varies with dose, exposure route, and frequency. Inhalation of dust or vapor and direct skin contact—especially with fine powders—presents the main risk during industrial handling. Process operators use dust extraction, gloves, protective eyewear, and full hygiene protocols to minimize exposure. Medical surveillance and workplace monitoring back up routine personal protective equipment practices.
Regulatory or occupational exposure limits, where set, reflect the recognized risks from both acute and chronic exposure. Local, national, or international workplace exposure guidelines always take priority in defining work area controls and operator training. For new or process-specific applications, internal exposure assessments and risk mitigation procedures are developed before scaling up production or modifying batch protocols.
In continuous operation, the output of 2-aminophenol relies heavily on both plant scale and raw material cycle stability. Larger facilities leveraging integrated nitrobenzene or chlorobenzene streams sustain a more buffered supply, but real-world volumes are tied to schedule optimization and current demand from dye, pharmaceutical, and photographic applications. Supply interruptions most often stem from upstream phenol or ammonia pricing and outages, with certain production routes vulnerable to catalyst deactivation or waste treatment bottlenecks. Spot availability varies by season and shutdown schedule, and plant-level adjustments focus on batch size, grade split, and downstream inventory strategies to match contract and spot needs.
Lead time for 2-aminophenol typically reflects grade, packaging, and destination. Made-to-order industrial orders generally see minimum lead times dictated by campaign scheduling and laboratory confirmation, rather than fixed calendar days. MOQ depends strongly on both packaging form and purity class but would not drop below the minimum packaging and transport chargeable units for safe chemical handling. For high-purity or custom grades, MOQ and lead time tighten around internal lot traceability and stability test campaign scheduling.
Packaging aligns with customer process and regulatory needs—fiber drums with PE liners, steel drums, or IBC totes serve most bulk scenarios. For smaller-volume or specialty customers, HDPE bottles and foil bags appear in higher-purity classes to minimize contamination in transit. For all formats, compatibility with automated emptying and minimal cross-contamination is a packaging priority. Packaging grades are grade-dependent; photographic or electronic grades receive enhanced sealing and labeling to support traceability and regulatory documentation.
Sea and land routing depends on the customer's risk profile, regulatory status, and site handling capabilities. Compliance with UN recommendations for Class 6.1 substances shapes mode selection. Payment terms usually default to TT or LC for established customers, with export procedures contingent on government export licensing for sensitive downstream uses, especially related to pharmaceutical intermediates and electronics.
The main variable in 2-aminophenol manufacturing cost comes from feedstock phenol (or nitrobenzene/chlorobenzene depending on route) and ammonia inputs, both subject to global crude oil and ammonia spot index volatility. Catalysts and solvents contribute less to marginal cost but can create spikes during tight supply periods. Utility inputs also impact costs in regions with energy price instability. Disruptions in upstream benzene/phenol value chains, especially during crude supply shocks or large-scale planned shutdowns, transmit straight to finished 2-aminophenol costs. Environmental compliance, emissions treatment, and waste disposal charges now contribute a larger share of total cost than a decade ago, especially for production in high-regulation regions.
Price gaps between technical, pharmaceutical, and electronic grades stem from differences in starting material quality, purification complexity, and analytical certification. For instance, photographic grade must meet stringent color index and heavy metal content not demanded by dye intermediates. Every added analytical requirement raises both variable production cost (through more purification passes) and fixed QA staff and instrument cost. Packaging certification, including ISO, UN, and GHS labeling requirements, influences cost for customers in highly-regulated industries, especially those exporting re-packaged product to the US, EU, and Japan. End-use sector and customer audit frequency also drive tiered pricing structures.
Historically, China and India dominated production scale, leveraging local feedstock cost advantages and proximity to downstream dye and pharmaceutical clusters. In recent years, tight environmental policy and plant closures drove up regional market tightness, especially for high-purity and non-dye applications. The US and EU remain major buyers for formulated products, but the share of domestic production is limited by stricter emissions and permitting regimes.
In the US, consumer and pharma regulatory scrutiny continues to restrict new facility buildouts, driving higher reliance on imports for specialty grades. EU plants focus on closed-loop operations to limit wastewater and air emissions, raising delivered cost for compliant material. Japan emphasizes batch-to-batch consistency for electronic applications; technical and investment barriers protect local producers but also set a price premium. In China and India, environmental controls affect high-tonnage lines more than batch campaign facilities. Closures near population centers and stricter discharge regulation have led to one-off price surges and a shift toward satellite industrial parks.
Forecasting to 2026, price stability is unlikely given the projected tightening of environmental emission rules and volatility in benzene/phenol feedstock. Upside risk dominates, especially for grades requiring advanced purification or certification. Methodology uses a combination of market survey data from bulk chemical markets, published downstream dye/pharma sector projections, and analysis of compliance-driven supply chain adjustments. Short-term spot price volatility may persist around major plant turnarounds and regulation-driven shutdowns. Structural cost increases are likely to persist in jurisdictions with escalating wastewater and hazardous byproduct charges.
Over the past twenty-four months, regulatory-driven shutdowns in China and compliance-related facility reassessments in Europe led to notable spot market tightening. New capacity investments primarily focus on integrated facilities with advanced waste treatment to achieve multi-grade flexibility and minimize regulatory exposure.
Recent implementation of region-specific effluent discharge standards in Asia and REACH-related documentation requirements in the EU require additional analytical verification, documentation, and greater batch traceability. US importers now prioritize lot-level conformity assessment over certificate-level checks, particularly for pharmaceutical precursors.
Our technical teams integrated enhanced in-process monitoring for byproduct control, shifted certain continuous operations to batch when grade purity requirements spiked, and invested in modular packaging systems to reduce physical cross-contamination during filling. Advanced analytical packages now support both customer audit requests and evolving local regulatory frameworks. Risk-driven raw material sourcing strategies prioritize suppliers with proven performance under compliance audits, and capacity allocation reflects not only customer volume but documentation and auditability requirements.
2-Aminophenol serves a segment of markets where its reactivity and purity profile drive end use. In our experience, key application sectors include:
| Industry | Common Grade Selection | Main Grade-Sensitive Features |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmaceuticals | Pharma grade, high-purity, controlled trace metal & organic impurity profile | Color, residual solvents, trace heavy metals, microbial limits (if API-related) |
| Dyes & Pigments | Technical grade, custom purity tiers depending on dye synthesis step | Chromaticity, byproduct amines, ash content, reactivity at specific pH |
| Rubber/Antioxidants | Industrial grade or higher, depending on performance target | Base strength, phenolic content, peroxide residue, odor profile |
| Agrochemicals | Industrial or technical, process-purified | Pesticide-relevant impurities, solubility, water content |
| Specialty/Other | Special customized lots, batch-specific quality release | Targeted to process requirement, batch-to-batch consistency |
Determine whether the compound acts as a reagent, intermediate, or process aid. For pharma or regulated downstream uses, define the target specification based on the next processing stage, not just generic grade labels.
Refer to applicable pharmacopeia (USP/EP/JP) for active pharmaceutical or excipient use. Identify REACH and local registration requirements for agro and industrial sectors. Identify if there is a mandatory impurity control list or labeling need (such as for REACH SVHC).
Review synthesis protocols and check how impurity tolerances impact yield, color, or downstream purity. For electronics or sensitive dyes, trace impurity tails directly impact defect rates. In pharmaceutical operations, impurity tolerances must reflect both regulatory and process risk.
Evaluate the project’s annualized consumption. Large batch or campaign manufacturing can permit process-specific optimization, while small-scale or pilot projects justify higher-cost, tighter-parameter lots to avoid scale-up failure.
Confirm suitability under actual process conditions. Request a working sample, validate with in-house or independent lab, and confirm both performance and impurity profile under scaled test. Adjust order and grade definition if the initial release does not meet end-use process requirements.
Our manufacturing facility maintains externally audited certifications aligned with established international quality management system standards. Audits target all aspects of batch traceability, raw material qualification, equipment calibration, and SOP compliance. The plant operates under systematic internal reviews to catch deviations at critical control points—raw material intake, reaction quench, in-process filtrate inspection, and packaging. Frequency and emphasis of reviews reflect regulatory expectations in the destination region, as requirements in Europe, North America, and Asia differ. Clients can request tailored audit support focused on batch genealogy, inspection intervals, and recall readiness.
For 2-Aminophenol, we issue certificates based on customer segment. Pharma-grade shipments draw from validated process routes that block cross-contamination with industrial intermediates, using documented cleaning cycles and in-process checks. Compliance with pharmacopeial monographs or customer release criteria is documented as specified in the order. Technical and intermediate grades reference analytical results for agreed physical and impurity profiles; analytical method traceability and round robin checks ensure reproducibility. Sector-specific documentation such as reach registration, ecotoxicity studies, or food contact declarations are available according to downstream application and jurisdiction.
Each batch dispatch includes a certificate of analysis linked to the master manufacturing record and sampling plan. Test packs typically reference both in-house and externally validated methods. Documentation sets are customizable: multi-language safety data sheets, method validation reports, and regulatory conformance documentation can be provided according to customer and regulatory authority requirements. Archive access is managed under strict revision control, with traceable document numbers and retention tied to customer sector and region.
Production capability for 2-Aminophenol is built around dedicated synthesis units and backward integration of core raw materials. Installed reactor capacity, solvent recovery, and waste treatment infrastructure track historical demand spikes and buffer lead times for priority sectors. Orders drawing from campaign production or block scheduling can receive scaled delivery under contract or framework agreements. For dynamic projects or irregular call-offs, we support rolling forecasts and spot coverage with minimum standby commitments and rapid response protocols.
Dedicated lines secure feedstock allocation and manage cross-contamination risk between grades. Product purity, contamination sources, and residual solvent profiles tie directly to the designated process route and batch size—customers with low-contaminant applications are directed toward campaigns with enhanced post-reaction purification. Inventory management uses real-time batch tracking to align on-site warehouse holdings to match customer order cycle, ensuring on-time dispatch even during market disruptions or logistics bottlenecks.
Sample handling begins with customer application disclosure. This enables grade-matching: pharma, technical, and industrial samples follow distinct sampling plans and validation routes. Sample batch selection references in-process control data and retains matching documentation for full-scale orders. Priority shipment for customer evaluation is available with chain-of-custody documentation and, where necessary, pre-shipment technical consultation to align customer test protocols with in-house analytical capabilities.
Order models are set up to adapt to project evolution: customers can alternate between blanket order releases, fixed-volume contracts, or spot procurement with adjustable lead times. Supply risk mitigations—such as forward inventory placement, buffer stock arrangements, or joint demand forecasting—can be established through direct manufacturer-customer negotiation. Our technical team participates in route adoption projects or process optimization at the customer’s site whenever production parameter changes or regulatory updates affect order profiles. This direct engagement lowers qualification timelines and maintains traceability throughout process changes.
Industry laboratories continue to analyze purification paths and raw material streams to control by-product patterns of 2-Aminophenol, especially as more end users demand consistency in color and trace metal content for dye and pharmaceutical intermediate uses. Studies often focus on catalyst selection and alternative reduction approaches to improve selectivity in both the nitrobenzene and phenol starting material processes. There is also ongoing examination of safer handling strategies for hydrogenation steps, as higher reaction temperatures introduce risks that must be balanced against throughput needs in modern, continuous production lines.
Product customizations linked to API synthesis have shifted some attention to high-purity and low-moisture grades, particularly for manufacturers supplying the veterinary and agricultural sectors. Demand has expanded beyond legacy dye and photographic reagent applications; chemical engineers now focus on downstream uses in specialty polymers and performance coatings, where control of residual salts can impact final product transparency and shelf stability. Environmental regulatory shifts generate further interest in 2-Aminophenol functions in water treatment and as process aids in specific electrochemical applications, driving formulation scientists to specify new low-residual grades suitable for demanding conditions.
Minimizing oxidative degradation and controlling ortho- vs. para-isomer content present persistent technical challenges, particularly when shipping to humid, variable climates. Recent advances focus on process intensification to cut batch-to-batch variation by improving real-time pH and temperature monitoring at the reduction and neutralization stages. Crystallization routes must adapt for granule size specifications that customers define for automated feed and blending. Some teams have advanced recycling and recovery of by-products, enabling energy reductions and lower effluent costs in closed-loop systems.
Industrial demand for 2-Aminophenol appears stable across dye and rubber chemical segments, with amount allocated to new specialty polymers showing incremental growth in Asia-Pacific. Procurement teams see firmness in raw material pricing, which impacts transfer cost benchmarks—especially for medical and food-adjacent intermediates where traceability of synthetic route stays critical. Customers seeking higher purity expect supplier audits and documentation conformity, leading to further development of traceable lot control systems. Regional market access may fluctuate according to regulatory updates in environmental exposure, especially in Europe and North America, and pricing is projected to track with feedstock benzene and aniline movement.
Process control is evolving, with a steady shift to continuous fed-batch lines, driving gains in product consistency and energy efficiency. Raw material pre-treatment steps are becoming more standardized, particularly in facilities designed to separate and wash grades destined for pharmaceutical or electronics channels. Use of advanced process analytical technology is growing, supporting in-situ monitoring of critical parameters such as oxidation by-products, water content, and color metrics that influence downstream acceptability. End users target suppliers willing to document change control and validation protocols in real time.
Considerable focus has shifted toward minimizing solvent use, maximizing reactant conversion, and recovering process heat. Some facilities now highlight recoverable process water management and have invested in real-time effluent monitoring to tighten compliance with evolving discharge norms. Sustainability standards lead to selection of reaction routes that reduce waste acid generation and support closed-loop sodium management where possible. Life cycle assessment of upstream raw materials is becoming a frequent topic in technical meetings with major procurement groups.
Production engineers provide guidance on grade selection in relation to intended application, such as pigment stability for dye users or impurity thresholds for pharmaceutical intermediates. Technical representatives often collaborate with customer R&D teams to optimize isolation procedures and help transition to higher-purity or lower-residual variants, based on downstream process constraints. Clarifications on storage, handling protocols, and compatibilities with other formulation ingredients are provided directly from the technical department, referencing historical batch data or pilot trial results as relevant.
Manufacturing support teams assist scale-up clients in phase selection, blending procedures, and resolving challenges that arise when integrating new supply grades into automated dosing or solvent mixing lines. Troubleshooting covers issues such as filter clogging, residue buildup in reactors, or unexpected color drift during blending, drawing on decades of case data for similar installations. Application-oriented field visits are available for major end users adapting their raw material feed or switching between grades produced by alternate process routes.
Customer service maintains records of supplied lots tied to retained samples and detailed release documentation. In the event of shipment or in-field issues such as caking, color shift, or reactivity loss, response teams coordinate with technical and logistics units to investigate root causes, recommend mitigation steps, and expedite replacement or corrective shipments if necessary. All final product batches undergo internal review before release, with specifications confirmed against customer order and contractual quality commitments.
We manufacture 2-Aminophenol through a controlled process using reliable raw materials and established reaction routes. All product stages remain within our facilities, from hydrogenation and crystallization to drying and final sieving. This approach enables us to ensure process discipline and maintain traceability back to each batch. Our plant team actively monitors every shift to prevent deviation from defined specifications.
2-Aminophenol delivers performance not only as an intermediate but also in sectors that require consistent reactivity and compatibility with downstream formulations. The dye and pigment industry relies on it for developing permanent and acid dyes, particularly in the manufacture of azo dyes and hair colorants. Pharmaceutical customers utilize it in the synthesis of paracetamol and other APIs. Rubber chemical producers adopt it in accelerators, while applications extend to photographic developers and high-performance lubricants.
Our facility operates with a focus on narrow melting point ranges, low moisture content, and rigid color standards. Every lot undergoes multi-point analysis; samples are retained for reference and review. Chromatographic fingerprinting confirms purity, minimizing the risk of by-product contamination. Batch records and COA documentation follow every drum and bag, supporting internal and external audits.
We fill and seal packaging lines directly at the production site, eliminating double-handling and reducing exposure. Options include fiber drums with tamper-evident seals and HDPE liners, supporting both export and domestic logistics. Palletization adapts to container or truck loads, and our inventory positions match contract-based and spot requirements. Our shipping staff coordinates with logistics providers experienced in handling specialty chemicals, ensuring product integrity and minimizing transit risk.
Industrial buyers face increasing scrutiny over input consistency and documentation. Our technical support group works with customer teams on sample evaluation and compatibility studies before purchase decisions. We provide guidance on solubility, storage stability, and critical impurities relevant to each application sector. This helps reduce process troubleshooting at the user’s plant, streamlining scale-up and quality validation steps.
Manufacturers, distributors, and purchasing departments face market and regulatory pressures for secure supply and proven specification adherence. By controlling every manufacturing stage, we offer assurance on availability and compliance with customer-specific parameters. Our structured supply chain allows for scheduling flexibility, volume scalability, and long-term planning. These factors contribute to cost predictability and mitigate the risks associated with market volatility and specification drift in downstream processes.
As a direct manufacturer of 2-Aminophenol, we know how essential chemical purity is for downstream synthesis, dye manufacturing, analytical chemistry, and pharmaceutical intermediates. Years of experience producing this material in industrial volumes have shown us that even a small change in contaminant profile can alter a finished product’s analytical reliability, shade quality in dyestuffs, or yield in fine chemical manufacturing. That guiding reality pushes us to hold tight specifications and frequently verify the critical technical data our customers use to drive their own production runs.
Our typical 2-Aminophenol batches meet a minimum purity threshold of 99%. This figure reflects strict internal controls throughout the reaction, work-up, and crystallization steps. Each lot undergoes rigorous HPLC and GC inspection. Trace levels of starting materials—such as nitrophenol isomers and phenol—are actively monitored and kept well below 0.5%. Moisture content usually remains under 0.2%, accomplished by vacuum drying prior to packing. In cases where lower impurity margins are critical for specialized applications, we can work with customers on additional purification or documentation to support their process validation needs.
Packing takes place immediately after quality clearance in a climate-controlled area. This maintains physical stability and minimizes risk of reabsorption of water or airborne particulates during logistics. We provide full batch-specific analytical reports to customers, not just a certificate of analysis template. Our technical support team regularly audits results on laboratory as well as production scale, so data on our certificates corresponds directly to actual operational conditions, not theoretical calculations.
The molecular weight of 2-Aminophenol stands at 109.13 g/mol. This numeric detail often feels like a technical formality. In practice, our chemists refer to it daily. Whether scaling a reaction, setting up a formulation, or tracking a shipment for a contract manufacturing partner, precise stoichiometric conversion relies on this established constant. Errors in molecular weight calculation can throw off entire production lots downstream, so accuracy here is not open to compromise.
We frequently receive questions about whether lot-to-lot variation could affect molecular weight. That misconception disappears with a look at our analytical practices. Every batch’s identity is confirmed using validated spectroscopic methods (NMR and IR) and chromatographically compared to certified reference standards. The only time molecular mass variation enters discussion is if a customer requests a specific salt or derivative—the free base always matches the 109.13 g/mol standard for C6H7NO.
Our customers include textile dye plants, research firms, and pharmaceutical pilot facilities. They run multi-ton syntheses and develop sensitive tests, where downstream purity can impact everything from regulatory filings to product color or medicinal effectiveness. Our responsibility as a manufacturer extends past the factory gate. Raw analyses, retention samples, and collaborative troubleshooting all reflect an approach built on actual production data and hands-on technical support. We will always provide analytical reports matched to each batch and can assist with custom documentation or validation if your project demands it.
A manufacturer’s commitments only mean something when they stand up against real-world operating conditions. For everyone relying on our 2-Aminophenol, we bring a full toolbox—stringent laboratory QC, responsive technical advice, and the direct experience only a large-volume producer can offer.
2-Aminophenol remains one of the most requested organic intermediates by downstream producers in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and dye manufacturing. As the chemical’s direct manufacturer, we run continuous campaigns for 2-Aminophenol, drawing on capacity expansions over recent years to keep pace with industry demand. Our facilities support multi-metric-ton orders without delay, leveraging both batch and semi-continuous operation. We hold on-site inventories for regular volumes, kept under strictly monitored storage conditions to maintain product quality until delivery.
A steady supply of feedstocks and energy resources allows us to produce 2-Aminophenol at scale, adjusting production windows in response to demand forecasts and confirmed contract volumes. Our purchasing agreements cover upstream raw materials, so interruptions at our end have remained rare even during global logistics disruptions. We monitor market shifts year-round. If a sharp increase in demand arises—such as new regulatory approvals for applications in colorant or pharmaceutical intermediates—our technical and production teams coordinate schedule adjustments within weeks, not months. Lean management strategies help keep output reliable and predictable.
Most bulk orders—across pharma, dye, and specialty chemical customers—ship within two to three weeks of confirmed PO and payment arrangement. The timeframe reflects our buffer stock approach for standard-grade 2-Aminophenol and our ability to activate additional lines for higher-purity requirements or specialty modifications. For repeat contracts and annual call-offs, shipments can be scheduled per customer’s just-in-time needs, thanks to synchronized production runs and transport planning.
Requests outside our standard range, such as micronized or custom-packaged material, may need additional lead time. Our team reviews technical specifications swiftly and issues achievable timelines, factoring in any supplementary processing or quality controls. No order is queued without clear scheduling confirmation, and details are communicated directly by our logistics coordinators.
We fill routine multi-ton orders in regular intervals, gearing up for higher volumes during periods of increased demand across the dye and pharmaceutical intermediates sectors. Our teams manage large-scale output without downgrading product consistency, maintaining controlled reaction conditions and rigorous in-process testing. Our on-site R&D lab reviews every lot, so consistency persists from truckload to truckload. We work closely with customers seeking to scale up usage, often recommending minimum lot sizes that optimize shipment costs and reduce storage burdens.
Our long-standing customers rely on us not only for bulk 2-Aminophenol itself, but also the predictability of our lead times and transparent communication. Direct manufacturer control over quality and scheduling builds lasting business partnerships. Decades of operational experience, in-house analytical support, and full vertical integration define our role: facilitating consistent access to 2-Aminophenol for large and mid-scale users worldwide, without sudden shortages or opaque timelines.
Our technical support staff respond quickly to specification requests, certificate of analysis queries, and application guidance for 2-Aminophenol. We recognize that formulation changes and regulatory updates can prompt urgent requirements, so our lines remain open for detailed technical discussion. Facilities tours, production documentation, and traceability records are available for audit by major customers.
Supplying 2-Aminophenol in bulk, with reliable lead times and a clear point of origin, remains a core part of our manufacturing mission. Consistency, communication, and supply security shape both our process and our ongoing customer relationships.2-Aminophenol occupies a central place in our production portfolio. This compound plays a role in various end uses, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and photographic chemicals. Manufacturers carry both the technical responsibility for product quality and the operational obligation for process safety, packaging, and regulatory adherence during storage and shipping. In our production environment, we focus on the molecular stability, purity, and consistent performance of every batch to ensure it arrives at our customer’s facility as specified.
Moisture sensitivity defines 2-Aminophenol’s storage. The solid form, beige or off-white, tends to oxidize or degrade with exposure to humidity or oxygen. At our facility, we routinely use sealed, inert packaging—polyethylene-lined drums avoid direct contact with atmospheric air. Storage areas feature ventilation and reliable temperature control; we keep inventory in dry environments, usually at ambient warehouse conditions without significant direct sunlight exposure. Material remains secure and safe for processing, blending, or formulation, whether it stays in our plant or travels to a production site abroad.
Shipping 2-Aminophenol across borders introduces layers of regulatory and safety considerations. Our export logistics department reviews each consignment under the current United Nations (UN) and International Air Transport Association (IATA) lists. This chemistry is classified as hazardous for transport in some jurisdictions, mainly due to its flammability, toxicity, and irritancy. Every pallet leaves our site accompanied by documented proof of hazard—the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and a UN shipping label based on current classification.
Our team prepares a thorough Dangerous Goods Declaration along with a compliant MSDS in the required language and regulatory format for the destination country. Drum labels feature clear chemical identity, appropriate hazard pictograms, and handling instructions reflecting the GHS/CLP standards. Customs paperwork covers both chemical inventory control and compliance with global conventions, including REACH registration or pre-registration details for shipments into Europe. Where required, we share Certificates of Analysis that reference production lot, purity, and analytical results, not just product identification.
Unexpected delays often trace back to incomplete paperwork or mismatch between shipping labels and customs declarations. Direct accountability for our shipments has driven us to streamline documentation-- our compliance specialists coordinate with destination port regulations in advance, retrieving the latest regulatory updates and confirming package conformity before loading. For sea shipments, we secure cargo in full-seal containers, avoiding contamination or loss due to humidity or physical impact during transit. We always hold copies of our export licenses and registration data for every container.
2-Aminophenol rarely causes storage or transit problems when handling instructions are followed. Risk management integrates quality control, packaging checks, and staff training in both chemical hygiene and hazardous transport. By managing the material from synthesis through shipment, we maintain traceability across the full chain. We review any regulatory changes or new transport restrictions, updating our documentation and practices ahead of shipments. Our technical and safety teams welcome audits and client visits, providing on-site guidance and full transparency.
From production to delivery, we view international movement of 2-Aminophenol as a complex operation that hinges on process discipline. We continue to invest in packaging technology and regulatory expertise to fulfill both customer demands and safety standards, without trade-offs or shortcuts. As a manufacturer, our direct control over the supply chain protects customer operations and satisfies regulatory authorities worldwide.
For product inquiries, sample requests, quotations or after-sales support, please feel free to contact me directly via sales3@ascent-chem.com, +8615365186327 or WhatsApp: +8615365186327
